Q) What is MPLS?
A: MPLS is a forwarding mechanism which allows the router to forwarding packets based upon labels instead of IP Address.
Q) Why MPLS is called as Multi Protocol Label Switching?
A: MPLS is called as Multi Protocol because it supports all the protocols like Ethernet, Frame-Relay , X.25 and forwards packets based upon Labels.
Q)Why MPLS is called as Layer 2.5 Technology ?
A: MPLS is called as Layer 2.5 Technology because the router inserts MPLS Header in between Layer 2 and Layer 3 Header.
Q) What are the applications of MPLS?
A: MPLS supports following applications,
– Unicast and multicast IP routing
– VPN
– TE
– QoS
– AToM
Q) What are the advantages of MPLS?
iv) BGP Free Core
Q) What is LDP?
A: LDP is a Labelling Protocol used to share label information with other routers and create label forwarding table.
Q) What is the port number used by LDP?
A: LDP runs on port number 646 ( UDP port number for discovery of LDP neighbors and TCP port for exchanging the label information.
Q) What are the prerequisites to run MPLS?
A: 1) IP CEF
2) IGP Protocol
3) LDP router-id must be reachable
Q) What is penultimate hop popping?
A: Penultimate hop popping is a method of reducing label lookups on egress router. It is basically done by the one hop before the egress router.
Q) What are the functions done by MPLS?
A) 1) PUSH ( Adding the Label)
2) POP ( Removing the Label)
3) SWAP ( Changing the Label)
Q) What is the difference between Per Platform Label Space and Per Interface Label Space?
A: Per Platform label space indicates the labels assigned based upon the destination network and Per Interface label space indicates the labels assigned based upon the destination network and interface.
Q) Is summarization is recommended in MPLS?
A: No
Q) What is TTL Propagation in MPLS?
A: TTL Propagation is a method of copying the TTL value from IP Header to MPLS header.
Q) What is LDP IGP Synchronization?
A: LDP IGP Synchronization allows the router not to forward the packets on the link where ldp is down but IGP is enabled.
Q) What is the difference between Implicit Null and Explicit Null?
A: --> Implicit Null ( Label 3) is used to indicate the other router to remove label before sending the packets ( PHP).
--> Explicit Null ( Label 0) is used for QOS and disables PHP behavior.
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A: MPLS is a forwarding mechanism which allows the router to forwarding packets based upon labels instead of IP Address.
Q) Why MPLS is called as Multi Protocol Label Switching?
A: MPLS is called as Multi Protocol because it supports all the protocols like Ethernet, Frame-Relay , X.25 and forwards packets based upon Labels.
Q)Why MPLS is called as Layer 2.5 Technology ?
A: MPLS is called as Layer 2.5 Technology because the router inserts MPLS Header in between Layer 2 and Layer 3 Header.
Q) What are the applications of MPLS?
A: MPLS supports following applications,
– Unicast and multicast IP routing
– VPN
– TE
– QoS
– AToM
Q) What are the advantages of MPLS?
A: MPLS provides following advantages,
i) MPLS decreases the forwarding overhead on the core routers.
ii) MPLS supports multiple useful applications such as VPN,TE,QOS.
iii) MPLS supports the forwarding of non-IP protocols, because MPLS technologies are applicable to any network layer protocol.
iv) BGP Free Core
Q) What is LDP?
A: LDP is a Labelling Protocol used to share label information with other routers and create label forwarding table.
Q) What is the port number used by LDP?
A: LDP runs on port number 646 ( UDP port number for discovery of LDP neighbors and TCP port for exchanging the label information.
Q) What are the prerequisites to run MPLS?
A: 1) IP CEF
2) IGP Protocol
3) LDP router-id must be reachable
Q) What is penultimate hop popping?
A: Penultimate hop popping is a method of reducing label lookups on egress router. It is basically done by the one hop before the egress router.
Q) What are the functions done by MPLS?
A) 1) PUSH ( Adding the Label)
2) POP ( Removing the Label)
3) SWAP ( Changing the Label)
Q) What is the difference between Per Platform Label Space and Per Interface Label Space?
A: Per Platform label space indicates the labels assigned based upon the destination network and Per Interface label space indicates the labels assigned based upon the destination network and interface.
Q) Is summarization is recommended in MPLS?
A: No
Q) What is TTL Propagation in MPLS?
A: TTL Propagation is a method of copying the TTL value from IP Header to MPLS header.
Q) What is LDP IGP Synchronization?
A: LDP IGP Synchronization allows the router not to forward the packets on the link where ldp is down but IGP is enabled.
Q) What is the difference between Implicit Null and Explicit Null?
A: --> Implicit Null ( Label 3) is used to indicate the other router to remove label before sending the packets ( PHP).
--> Explicit Null ( Label 0) is used for QOS and disables PHP behavior.
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